Impact of Love Maps on Relationship Health: Building Stronger Connections

By Caroline NeaL, LMFT

In the quest for a fulfilling and enduring relationship, understanding your partner’s inner world is crucial. Dr. John Gottman’s concept of the “Love Map” provides a valuable framework for this understanding, revealing how deep knowledge of each other’s experiences, preferences, and emotions can profoundly impact relationship health. Here’s how Love Maps contribute to stronger, more resilient relationships and practical ways to leverage this concept for enhancing your connection.

What is a Love Map?

A Love Map is essentially a mental map that contains detailed information about your partner’s life. This includes their history, current concerns, future dreams, likes, dislikes, and everyday routines. Dr. Gottman’s research indicates that couples with well-developed Love Maps—where partners have a deep understanding of each other’s inner worlds—tend to have healthier, more satisfying relationships.

The Impact of Love Maps on Relationship Health

1. Enhanced Emotional Intimacy

A well-developed Love Map fosters emotional intimacy by allowing partners to connect on a deeper level. When you know and understand your partner’s fears, dreams, and values, you can respond to their emotional needs more effectively. This mutual understanding creates a sense of closeness and security, essential components for a strong, emotionally fulfilling relationship.

2. Improved Communication

Understanding each other’s Love Map leads to more effective and meaningful communication. When you are familiar with your partner’s background and current concerns, you can engage in conversations that are more relevant and empathetic. This deeper communication helps to avoid misunderstandings and facilitates a more open and honest dialogue, reducing the likelihood of conflicts and enhancing relationship satisfaction.

3. Increased Empathy and Support

A comprehensive Love Map enables you to be more empathetic and supportive. Knowing your partner’s struggles, aspirations, and preferences allows you to offer support that is truly aligned with their needs. This empathy strengthens your connection and demonstrates that you are attentive to their experiences, building a stronger foundation of trust and mutual support.

4. Stronger Conflict Resolution

Conflict is a natural part of any relationship, but how you handle disagreements can make a significant difference. When you understand each other’s Love Maps, you can approach conflicts with greater insight into your partner’s perspective. This understanding helps to address underlying issues more effectively and work towards solutions that respect both partners’ needs and viewpoints.

5. Greater Relationship Satisfaction

Couples with well-developed Love Maps often report higher levels of relationship satisfaction. This satisfaction stems from the feeling of being known and valued by your partner. The sense of being truly understood and appreciated contributes to overall happiness and fulfillment in the relationship.

Practical Steps to Develop and Maintain Your Love Map

1. Ask Meaningful Questions

Engage in regular conversations that go beyond everyday topics. Ask questions about your partner’s dreams, fears, and significant life experiences. For instance, inquire about their childhood memories, future goals, or what they value most in life. This helps to deepen your understanding and keeps your Love Map current.

2. Share Your Own Insights

A two-way exchange of information strengthens your Love Map. Share your own experiences, dreams, and concerns with your partner. This reciprocal openness fosters mutual understanding and ensures that both partners are equally invested in each other’s inner worlds.

3. Regular Check-Ins

Make it a habit to regularly update each other on changes in your lives. This could involve discussing new interests, recent challenges, or shifts in personal goals. Regular check-ins help keep your Love Map up-to-date and relevant, ensuring that you remain connected and informed about each other’s evolving needs.

4. Celebrate Each Other’s Achievements

Acknowledge and celebrate your partner’s achievements and milestones. Recognizing their successes and showing genuine interest in their accomplishments reinforces your knowledge of their goals and fosters a sense of shared joy and support.

5. Practice Active Listening

When your partner shares something with you, practice active listening. Show that you are fully engaged in the conversation by reflecting on what they’ve said and validating their feelings. This active engagement demonstrates that you value their perspective and are committed to understanding their Love Map.

Conclusion

The concept of the Love Map underscores the importance of knowing your partner on a deep and meaningful level. By developing and maintaining a comprehensive Love Map, you can enhance emotional intimacy, improve communication, and build a stronger, more resilient relationship. Investing in this understanding not only enriches your connection but also contributes to overall relationship health and satisfaction. Embrace the journey of exploring each other’s inner worlds, and let your Love Map be a guide to creating a deeper, more fulfilling partnership.

Emotionally Focused Therapy for Couples

By Jessy Weston, AMFT

Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) is a leading approach in couples therapy, developed by Dr. Sue Johnson in the 1980s. Grounded in attachment theory, EFT emphasizes the importance of emotional bonding in maintaining healthy, lasting relationships. Let’s explore the key highlights of EFT and why it’s so effective in couples therapy.

1. Focus on Emotional Bonding

EFT centers on the belief that secure emotional bonds are essential to relationship health. It helps couples understand and address their attachment needs—the desire for closeness, security, and connection. By focusing on these core needs, EFT aims to rebuild and strengthen the emotional bond between partners.

2. Identifying Negative Interaction Patterns

EFT helps couples identify and understand the negative interaction patterns that fuel conflict and disconnection. These cycles often involve blame, defensiveness, or withdrawal, which can erode trust. By recognizing these patterns, couples can start to break the cycle and create healthier ways of interacting.

3. Deepening Emotional Communication

Beyond surface-level discussions, EFT encourages couples to explore and express their deeper emotions and vulnerabilities. Therapists create a safe space for this emotional communication, fostering empathy and understanding between partners. This deeper connection enhances emotional intimacy and strengthens the relationship.

4. Repairing and Strengthening Relationships

EFT is particularly powerful in repairing relationships damaged by conflict or emotional wounds. By addressing the root causes of distress and fostering emotional responsiveness, EFT helps couples heal and build a more secure, resilient bond.

5. Proven Effectiveness

EFT is one of the most researched and validated forms of couples therapy, with studies showing its effectiveness in improving relationship satisfaction and emotional connection. The positive effects of EFT often endure over time, making it a reliable approach for lasting relationship improvement.

Emotionally Focused Therapy provides couples with a profound approach to healing and strengthening their relationship. By focusing on emotional bonding, breaking negative cycles, and deepening emotional communication, EFT offers a powerful path to lasting change. Whether you’re facing challenges in your relationship or seeking to enhance your connection, EFT can help you build a more fulfilling and resilient partnership.

Summary/Review of The ADHD Effect on Marriage: Understand and Rebuild Your Relationship in Six Steps by Melissa Orlov (and Edward M. Hallowell)

By Nicole marino AMFT

Recently, I had the privilege of reading The ADHD Effect on Marriage. I thought the book was well-written and incredibly helpful for marriages consisting of an ADHD and non-ADHD spouse. As a therapist, I found this book enlightening to how ADHD shows up in many relationships, and how it impacts both the ADHD spouse and the non-ADHD spouse. The book was broken down into three main parts: Understanding ADHD in Your Marriage, Rebuilding Your Relationship in Six Steps, and Worksheets/Tools. I am going to go through each part and give a brief summary of what you can expect when reading.

The first part went through the common symptoms of an ADHD diagnosis and how the symptoms present for both the ADHD and non-ADHD spouse. It is important to note that not every relationship has a non-ADHD spouse and an ADHD spouse, but for the purpose of the summary, this is the language and dynamic that was chosen to highlight. This part of the book, from my own experience, allowed me to have a better idea and understanding of what ADHD looks like and how to cultivate empathy for both partners in the relationship who may be suffering. This part went through and explained many statistics and research around ADHD’s impact to a marriage., and the different types of dynamics within a relationship. This part also highlights the rewards of rebuilding a marriage that has been affected by ADHD in a very encouraging, positive, and motivating way. This section goes through symptoms that the non-ADHD spouse may be experiencing and normalizes the impact by including real life examples posted from Melissa Orlov’s interactive blog: adhdmarriage.com.

The next part, and the main part of the book is broken down into six steps to take towards bettering the marriage/relationship. I am not going to fully go through what each section explains but will give a brief overview for reference. To learn more, I highly recommend reading the book to gain more insight, information, understanding, and tools!

1. Cultivating Empathy for Your Spouse: The first step is incredibly important, especially when it comes to healing past resentment. It is key to understand your partner and their experience in the marriage, whether that is the experience of the ADHD spouse or non-ADHD spouse. Being able to empathize with what both partners are going through is a main step towards feeling more connected and on the same page. This also helps when it comes to reactions and responses towards certain triggers or symptoms. Gaining empathy can slow those reactions down to be able to choose a different response to the symptom knowing what the other person is experiencing as well.

2. Addressing Obstacle Emotions: This section better highlights different emotions and responses to symptoms of ADHD specifically from the non-ADHD spouse. For example, anger was a common response to the ADHD struggles in a marriage. The author did a good job including examples to show how anger presents and how it impacts the ADHD spouse most likely on the receiving end of the anger (even though impulsive anger is also another symptom of ADHD). This step discusses how to let go of certain negative emotions/responses as they do nothing productive for the relationship and partner interactions.

3. Getting Treatment for You Both: This step discusses the importance of seeking treatment for both the ADHD spouse and non-ADHD spouse throughout the process of bettering the relationship. For the ADHD spouse, it is helpful to seek professional help to understand symptoms better and gain tools for symptom management. For the non-ADHD spouse, it is important to seek professional treatment to gain support and better coping techniques to manage reactions and emotions towards partner. This step also talks about the choice around medication.

4. Improving Communication: This part walks you through different techniques around having various conversations in a marriage and how it is vital to improve communication in order to improve connection. It is important to listen to one another, validate each other’s experiences, negotiate/compromise respectfully, and increase emotional safety for both partners. This step also goes into how gender plays a role in communication differences, and what to look out for.

5. Setting Boundaries and Finding Your Own Voices: This section goes into personal boundaries, how to identify your own personal boundaries, and how to enforce personal boundaries. The author notes the importance of identifying which boundaries are most important for an individual and where your threshold is for each boundary. With this, you can better understand expectations for each other and what is realistic versus unrealistic to expect. The step then goes into processing how each spouse can respect their partner’s boundaries and create an action plan.

6. Reigniting Romance and Having Some Fun: This step discusses the importance of reintroducing romance and intimacy into your marriage, and how having fun together is a vital part of relationship success. It is important to try and get back to doing fun things together that you use to enjoy at the beginning of the relationship or trying new things together. Having new adventures brings you closer together and reignites that romantic spark and excitement.

The last brief part of the book is a reference chapter full of different tools, techniques, and tips for achieving the six steps. As you read each of the steps, there are different tips and tools specific to what the step’s goal is to help both partners improve on these skills and achieve overall betterment in the marriage/relationship. Not all the tools will be applicable for every person or marriage, depending on the specific struggles you are going through, but you can tailor your toolbox with whatever works best for you and your partner!

Overall, I found this book incredibly beneficial to read not only for my knowledge as a therapist and for my work with my couples/clients, but just to gain a better understanding of how ADHD presents in a person, and a relationship. As someone who has personal relationships with individuals diagnosed with ADHD, I have gained a different perspective on what they may go through every day and how their ADHD shows up for them in their personal relationships. For more information around the book, author, or ADHD in general, you can visit Melissa Orlov’s website at adhdmarriage.com (blog posts included there).

The Five Languages of Apology

By Jessy westin, amft

Did you know that there are different ways to apologize? What one person considers an apology is not always what another person considers to be an apology. Gary Chapman and Jennifer Thomas, the authors of The Five Languages of Apology, identify five distinct types of apologies. When we feel hurt, we may differ in what exactly we are looking for to feel the most heard and seen by the one trying to make amends. Identifying your apology language and your partner’s apology language can help you better understand each other and provide a path toward a healing relationship.

Types of apology languages:

1. Expressing Regret - “I am sorry.”

Expressing regret focuses on the emotional aspect of an apology. It is expressing to the offended person what specifically you are sorry about and demonstrating that you truly understand how hurtful your actions were.

● “I am truly sorry for losing my temper and yelling at you. I know that I hurt you very deeply.”

● “I feel really bad that I disappointed you. I should have been more thoughtful. I’m sorry that I caused you so much pain.”

2. Accepting Responsibility – “I was wrong.”

Accepting responsibility means being willing to admit that you were wrong and recognizing the mistakes made. It can be challenging to admit to our mistakes, especially if those mistakes have caused pain for someone else. However, for some individuals, hearing someone accept responsibility for their wrongdoing is the most important part of an apology.

● “I was wrong. I could try to excuse myself, but there is no excuse.”

● “I take full responsibility. I know that it was my fault.”

3. Making Restitution – “What can I do to make it right?”

For some individuals, hearing ‘I’m sorry’ or ‘I was wrong’ may not always be enough. This apology focuses on finding a way to make things right. If you are the one hurt, you are looking for that “next step” and that reassurance that it will not happen again.

● “How can I make this up to you?

● “What can I do that would make this right between us?”

4. Genuinely Repenting – “I’ll try not to do that again.”

Expressing your desire to change is communicating not only that you regret what you did, but also that your desire is to not do it again. It may be difficult for someone to forgive if they see the same action being done again and again. This apology language focuses on how the person apologizing will change their behavior in future similar situations.

● “I regret what I did. I don’t want to do it again. Can we talk about how to avoid it next time?”

● “Can we put together a plan that will help me to stop doing this?”

5. Requesting Forgiveness – “Will you please forgive me?”

Asking for forgiveness gives the other the space to decide if they would like to forgive you. It is meaningful that the forgiveness was requested, not demanded.

● Can you please forgive me for what I did?”

● “I’m so sorry that I hurt you. I hope that you will forgive me.”

Questions to consider in identifying your apology language:

● What do I want the person to say or do to help make it possible for me to genuinely forgive them?

● What hurts most deeply about the situation?

● Which language is most important (or do I usually use) when I apologize?

References

Chapman, G., & Thomas, J. M. (2008). The five languages of apology: How to experience healing in all your relationships. Moody Publishers.

Goop. What it takes to give (and receive) a good apology.

Love Languages: A Give and Take with Couples

By Nicole Marino, AMFT

In my experience working with couples (and individuals), the importance on love languages is very prevalent. I see it similarly to the idea of showing support. We all have our natural ways of wanting to show support given how we know we want to receive support. But when the other person doesn’t need or want to be shown support in that way, they may feel the other person doesn’t care to fulfill their needs for support accurately. The same thing goes for love languages and the way we want to receive love.

We will be talking about the five original love languages: words of affirmation, acts of service, gifts, quality time, and physical touch. It is important to keep in mind that there may be differences in your love languages based on how you want to receive love and the way you want to show love. I find this distinction very relevant for couples work because it can take extra effort to shift your focus of showing love if the way your partner wants to receive love is different than how you naturally show love. I always tell couples that if this is the case, it doesn’t mean you can never give your partner gifts if that is how you express love; it just means that you also must make a conscious decision to put effort forth to give your partner words of affirmation if that is the way they need to receive love. Another thing to note is that many people do not just fall into one category for love languages but may be a mix of a few or have a certain priority list for which they prefer/need the most.

Words of Affirmation: A partner desires being shown love or giving love through verbal connection and affirmations. This can be as simple as an “I love you” in the morning, a sweet post-it note on the mirror, showing appreciation and acknowledgement for their efforts around the house, or even a handwritten love letter. Someone whose love language is words of affirmation needs emotional intimacy through words and hearing that a partner cares and loves them.

Acts of Service: A partner desires to be shown love when their partner is physically helpful and partakes in certain tasks, so the other person does not have to. This can be concrete tasks such as the dishes, laundry, cleaning the snow off the car, picking them up from the airport after a trip, or making dinner. It can also be smaller things such as putting toothpaste on a partner’s toothbrush in the morning, filling up their water bottle, starting the shower for them, etc. When living with a partner, there are many options of tasks around the home that can be done to show acts of service especially knowing a partner’s everyday routine.

Gifts: People who love gifts or gift-giving don’t always view this is as some grand gesture. Often, it is the little things that can make a partner feel special such as picking up their favorite meal from the grocery store, bringing back something they were running low on, their favorite sweet treat, flowers, and anything that made you think of them. A person with gifts as their love language just wants a partner to show they love them by thinking of them in little (or big) ways in the form of a physical item. To know their partner went somewhere and thought of them makes all the difference.

Quality Time: A person who needs to be shown love through quality time just wants to physically and mentally be present with a partner. They thrive from doing activities with a partner even activities like running errands, driving around, playing a game, going on a walk, going on a date somewhere, etc. It is so important to keep in mind that quality time is different than just passive time together such as living together and going about your routines and watching a show or movie. A partner who desires quality time wants the quality in it. Maybe try putting phones away and just enjoying each other’s company one on one.

Physical Touch: A person or partner who needs physical touch to be shown love doesn’t always want the touch to be sexual, even though that is part of it. Physical touch can be as innocent as hugging, holding hands, cuddling, and massaging. They feel most loved through someone physically expressing it to them and feeling a partner wanting to be close to them.

Now that we have gone over the five original love languages, it is important to figure out which love languages you gravitate the most towards whether that be one main way of showing and receiving love, or a mix of a few. It is also essential to understand the way your partner gives and wants to receive love. Like stated before, you can still show a partner love in the way that is natural and feels good for you to do so, but it is necessary to also learn their love languages to understand how you can show them love and when they are also showing you love in their natural way. It is a way to better understand each other and recognize when your partner is expressing their care and appreciation. There are many love languages quizzes and books to learn more such as: 5lovelanguages.com and The 5 Love Languages by Gary Chapman.

The Search For A Therapist

By Anne DeCore, AMFT

Looking for a therapist can be an intimidating process that often feels shrouded in mystery. For both first-timers to therapy and those with prior experiences, setting out to begin a new relationship is hard. It can seem like an impossible task to choose a total stranger from a list of internet search results and expect that person to be well-matched for your goals and to possess a presence that feels connected and compatible with your own way of being. The lack of clear expectations for the search process and initial session can create anxiety. And anxiety can freeze us into avoidance. Furthermore, many people begin the search for a therapist when they are already stretched thin by stressors in their lives, and they have few internal resources to call on for the search.

I get asked frequently “how can I find a therapist?”. Here is my roadmap to answer that question. I hope it helps you find your way to support. The end destination will be worth the journey, I promise!

1.     Gather Names

• Online directories like Psychology Today can be a springboard. You can filter by specialty, training, location, and reach out to therapists directly. The online directory from your insurance company can also help you locate someone already in-network.

• Ask your primary care physician for a referral list of therapist/practices.

• Another approach is to START WITH ONE NAME that can send you a couple referrals. For example, your husband’s therapist or your friend who IS a therapist or your kid’s school counselor. They are not going to treat you but they CAN provide you with leads to help you land with a great therapist. Therapists love to provide referrals. It is a deeply rewarding part of our job to expand and promote access to care. So don’t hesitate to start with one name and ask that name for names.

2.     Make Contact

• Okay, you’ve got a name and email address. Now what? Send an email to establish whether it could be a good fit from a logistical standpoint – scheduling, insurance, etc. I’m a fan of addressing fit from a logistical standpoint up front as this reduces the likelihood of finding someone you mesh with stylistically only to later discover an administrative barrier to working together. Here’s what to include in your outreach email:

• Openings? State that you’re looking for a therapist and ask if are they taking on new clients.

• Modality:  State the type of therapy you’re seeking: individual, couple, or family.

• Scheduling: Offer relevant scheduling information like “I’m free weekday evenings only” “I’m very flexible with scheduling” “mornings before 11am” “Wednesday or Monday anytime”.

• Insurance/payment info: Share your insurance provider to confirm that the therapist is in network or inform the therapist if you won’t be using insurance. If you want rate information, inquire about fees.

• In-person or telehealth: State your preference, if you have one. (“I prefer telehealth” “I prefer in-person” “I have no preference between in-person and telehealth.”)

3.     Phone Consult

• If the therapist replies that they can take you on feel free to ask for a brief phone consultation to get a sense of the therapist’s style and presence. Feel free to ask about their approach to therapy and experience.  You may want to share a topline summary of what you want to work on and the therapist may weigh in on whether that problem/issue is within their scope of competence. They will often provide referrals if your needs fall outside their scope. A therapist will normally try to keep this phone call to 10-15 minutes.

• You may opt to skip the consult call option and move into scheduling your initial session. Just a head’s up, the initial session typically costs more than subsequent sessions because it involves more work for the therapist (intake forms and creating a client record).

4.     Initial Session

• Expect the first session to begin with reviewing consent forms and practice policies. Confidentiality, cancellations, payment/insurance, and between-session contact will all be covered.

• The session will be about getting to know each other and beginning to define the current challenges and goals of therapy.

• Remember building trust and connection takes time, as with any relationship. However, if it’s not feeling like the right fit after several sessions, tell the therapist and the therapist will gladly offer to help with referrals to get you started with someone else. Don’t feel bad about this! The therapeutic relationship is the most important factor for success so if it’s not working, the therapist will want to support your journey toward a better fit.

Scheduling Time for Rest

By Megan Allcock, AMFT

I often find myself sitting with clients who feel like they need to be doing more, whether it be at work, in their personal life, in their relationships, and even in regards to their mental health. For a while I thought maybe it was just a certain type of client, perhaps those high achieving perfectionists. I’ve started to notice every single client is feeling this way in at least one area of their life.

 In recent years there is a lot of language around “boss babes” and this idea that we constantly as humans need to be moving and being productive. The intensity level of hustle culture has reinforced to everyone that if you’re not busy and running yourself ragged then you aren’t doing enough. This is incredibly false. 

Productivity is a concept I find many people struggle with. The constant push and pull to be productive while desperately wanting and needing rest seems to be never ending. The thing is though, rest IS productive. Our bodies inherently need rest to function and be able to be our most productive selves with the other areas of our lives. Let's use marathon training for an example, most people don’t run 20 miles the day before running a marathon. In fact, they don’t usually run for the two or three days leading up to the marathon. They do this so that their legs are well rested and ready to run their fastest and longest distance. 

Life is kind of like a marathon, so when you do something big like run 26 miles, you need to rest before and after. This doesn’t just apply to the big stuff, but the small events in life as well.  One way I find it helpful to force yourself to rest is by scheduling it. Try picking a specific day a week to have just time for yourself to lounge, watch tv, do whatever you want that feels restful to YOU. Rest looks different to everyone, so make sure you’re listening to your body.

Feeling Your Feelings and Why

By Michaela Choy, LMFT

Emily Nagoski, a researcher who studies stress and sex, discusses feeling feelings like moving through a tunnel. As long as we can stay with our feelings, legitimize them, learn to be with them, and provide them compassion, they will pass and we will get through to the other side. Another way to think of this process is like a wave in the ocean. A feeling will come and go and learning to be with it is where healing happens. We generally fear being with our emotions because we are afraid, we will be stuck with them when, in fact, if we give emotions time and space, they will pass. Some emotions can become trapped in our bodies if left unprocessed. If they are stuck in the tunnel, they will stay with us and come out in other ways such as being irritable, snappy, or even manifest as symptoms such as sleeplessness, hypertension, and gastrointestinal malaise.

I’d like to provide a brief framework in being with emotion from Tara Brach called RAIN. This is a great practice for thoughtfully being with emotion.

1. Recognize what is going on - consciously acknowledge the feelings you have. A great way to build awareness is to do a body scan from head to toe and identify where your body may hold tension.

2. Allow the experience to be there - allow the sensations to be there without trying to fix them or make them go away. Practice what it’s like to sit in this space.

3. Investigate with interest and care - use your curiosity and think about why this sensation is here, what it needs, what is the sensation trying to communicate.

4. Nurture with self-compassion - imagine you are speaking to someone you care about, a friend or family member perhaps, and what words of reassurance and love would you provide them if they expressed this feeling? Direct these words to yourself. It might sound like, “I’m sorry you’re carrying this. Know that I’m here with you. We will navigate this together. It makes sense that you’re feeling this.”

Resources:

Nagoski, E., & Nagoski, A. (2020). Burnout: the secret to unlocking the stress cycle. Ballantine Books.

Guided meditation by Tara Brach using RAIN linked here.

3 Common Problematic Communication Patterns.

By Rachel D. Miller, LMFT

How we communicate our wants and needs, love and appreciation, concerns and criticisms strengthen or erode the foundation of our relationships. The most helpful communication aligns our words with our body language, thoughts, and feelings. When these things aren’t congruent, we risk sending mixed messages leaving our relationships vulnerable to conflict, misunderstandings and disconnection.

Effective communication in addition to being congruent also considers self, others, the larger context, and the relationship involved. Failing to take these into consideration often manifest as the below unhelpful communication patterns.

1) Blaming

Pointing a finger in accusation while feeling direct, useful, and even vindicating, in the moment, rarely leads to the change we are seeking. Blaming is identifiable by the frequent use of the word “you.” What is missing in blaming conversations is acknowledgement of any larger context at play and self-reflection. Thoughts, feelings, words, and body language might be aligned when we’re angry and blaming, but if we focus solely on the behaviors or attributes of the other person, we’ll likely be met with defensiveness, stonewalling, or counter attacks.

If you recognize this pattern in yourself, I encourage you to get curious about what need or ask you might have under the blame. Take some time to consider the larger context around the situation and get curious about how it might be impacting things. I statements and focusing on your feelings, needs, and asks can keep defenses down, communication moving, and maybe get you closer to what you’re wanting. If the relationship is one that is important to you, ask for what you need in a way the other person is most likely able to give it to you. Remember, you’re on the same team.

2) Listening to respond instead of listening to understand

Too often when we listen to complaints, criticisms, or requests to change we immediately begin crafting a defense. When I see this happen in the therapy room arguing people are rarely arguing about what they think they’re arguing about. Typically, the listener missed the point the speaker was making because they were too busy figuring out all the reasons the speaker was wrong in their assessment of the situation or of them.

I urge clients in that moment to pause and take a deep breath. Then I inquire around what they believe the speaker said that is hitting a little too close to an uncomfortable truth for them. If it isn’t that, then I get curious about the story they are telling themselves about what they think the speaker means. Once the story is revealed we often discover it is a far cry from the speaker’s meaning and words.

If you recognize this pattern as something you do, there is a tool you might find helpful called Speaker/listener. You can read more about it here. Remember, if you notice yourself reacting to what you think someone said, curiosity can slow down the process and reduce reactivity. Ask questions; make sure you understand before you respond. Remember even common words can mean different things to different people in differing contexts. Which brings us to our third problematic pattern.

3) Assuming

When I work with people in therapy, I remind them often that how they define a word or concept may not be the way the person they’re communicating does. When your partner says that they are “close” with their family, you might assume that you know what that looks like for them, but the word “close” can mean everything from “my family and I did a lot of activities together when I was growing up” to “I talk to my mother twice a day.” We have to continually check in with people about how they are defining words and concepts rather than assume that what it means for you, is what it means for them. As my kids used to say to me, “Don’t assume, Mom. When you do you make an ass of u and me.”

If you find yourself assuming, as most of us will, I encourage you to shift to assuming you don’t know, assuming you can never fully understand someone else’s experience, and assuming the best of intentions from those you are in relationship with. Before responding, clarify meaning. Ask questions that can provide insight and empathy into what the other is experiencing.

It is impossible to be in relationships and be vulnerable without occasionally hurting someone or being hurt. What matters most is that we take accountability, apologize when necessary, be generous in our interpretations of the intentions of others, and attempt to make repairs when and where we can. Even the best communicators will screw up. Perfection is not the goal here. Commitment to practice and growth is all we can ask of ourselves and each other.

Notice and Describe – A prescription for High Conflict Couples

By Anne DeCore, AMFT

Let’s look at the following scenario.

A husband and wife argue about cleaning the kitchen. They have an understanding that when one cooks, the other cleans. Tonight, it was the husband’s job to clean because the wife cooked dinner.

Wife tells husband: You do the bare minimum of just loading 75% of the dishes. I then have to do a whole second job of finishing the dishes, cleaning the table tops and the high chair. Why do I have to supervise you? We agreed, you would clean if I do the cooking.

Husband says: You have a ridiculous standard for cleanliness. And you fail to appreciate that I also have to walk the dog and go back to work in the evening.

Wife: You “work” with the basketball game on in the background. What happens is you’ve come to expect that I’ll pick up the slack when you sit back and relax. You’re being lazy. I don’t get to be lazy.

Husband: I’m lazy?! If it’s so easy to make a living, you go ahead and do it. Last I checked your salary barely pays for the kid’s summer camp. The reality is I could do the kitchen perfectly and you’d still nag! You love to micro-manage me! Nothing is ever good enough for you.

In this vignette, what husband and wife consciously experience is a back and forth of what they believe to be their genuine thoughts and feelings. These attacks escalate, polarizing the couple and moving them further away from understanding and solutions. They each storm off and feel overcome with a piercing disappointment that verges on a sense of betrayal. Each one thinks “You hid your true self from me. You’re not what I believed you to be. You don’t even know me.”

The damage happens fast; the repair will take much longer. They are left wondering “how did this all happen?” The answer lies in a hidden process which occurs below the level of consciousness, based in the brain.

In a regulated state our brains employ perspective taking, long term views, and balanced thinking and reasoning. These are necessary for interpersonal success. When we begin to enter a state of high emotional arousal we lose these faculties which are critical in relationship management.

High emotional arousal is followed directly by biased thinking: our thoughts become overwhelmingly negative and imbalanced.

Next, we produce negative judgements and assumptions about our partner. The negative judgements and assumptions are what lead directly to misunderstanding and high conflict.

This process is automatic. The dangerous thing is not that this happens; there are many strategies for self-regulation which aim to bring our reasoning faculties back online. The dangerous thing is that we are mostly unaware when we are under the influence of biased thinking. We tend to think we are governed by reason when reason has long left the building. And the deeper (higher emotional arousal) a couple gets into the fight, the more indignantly each believes that their judgements and assumptions about each other are objective, verifiable fact. One partner’s brain supplies the missing parts (assumption) to the other person’s story and then the brain reacts to that story (judgement).

In the example above, we see it happen right away. Both make assumptions about the other: she assumes he’s only pretending to work. He assumes she doesn’t appreciate all he does for the family and that she has it easy. Both make judgements: she calls him lazy and he calls her critical. The frustration she felt over the incomplete kitchen put her in a state of high emotional arousal and from there they were both off to the races in creating narrow and inaccurate narratives.

Developed chiefly by Marsha Linehan in the field of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, an antidote to this automatic process is to employ a deliberate method of thinking we can call “Notice and Describe.” You might like to think of it as relationship mindfulness.

In this mode a person notices and describes what is going on around them, much like a sports event announcer does on the radio. This means sticking purely to what is noticeable in the environment, noticeable about our partner, and noticeable inside our body. We pay attention. We notice. We describe. We do not engage in making any interpretations in this mode. This helps keep arousal at a manageable level and keeps us from straying into judgements and assumptions.

In the book “The High Conflict Couple” Alan Fruzzetti writes: “When you assume what his feelings are, interpret or evaluate her response, question his motivation, or focus on how illogical she is being, you have stopped paying attention to your partner, lack awareness, and are not being mindful of him or her. Mindfulness of your partner is the gateway to listening and understanding, and eventually to collaboration, support, conflict resolution, and closeness.” (p. 26).

The notice and describe mode leads us to curiosity and wanting to understand more. It highlights the parts of the context that we are missing and invites the other person’s experience to fill those blanks. It creates open thinking instead of closed thinking.

So what does it look like in practice? Let’s revisit the couple from above.

The wife says to herself: “I notice the dishes haven’t been completely finished. I notice he put all the food away. I notice he changed the lightbulb that I asked him to change. I notice myself feeling upset that he hasn’t wiped down the high-chair or the counters. I notice he looks tired. I notice he hasn’t changed out of his work clothes. I notice my own fatigue too. I notice how the fatigue feels in my body next to the frustration.”

This is an example of more balanced thinking. The wife can then share with her husband what she’s noticing without attacking.

Wife: “You look tired. Did you have a long day at work?”

Husband: “I did. The performance evaluations are really stressful this year. I have 3 more to write tonight.”

Wife: “I’m sorry. I know this has been a big project.”

Husband: “How was your day?”

Wife: “All good, I’m just really overtired. Baby has been waking really early. And I know when I get overtired it can lead to me being impatient with everyone. We are both working really hard for the family right now.”

Husband: “I know. Everyday is a marathon.”

Wife: “You had a long day and I don’t want to pile on but I have a quick request. When you clean the kitchen would you mind doing one final sweep to pick up any dishes you may have missed? And can you wipe down the high chair. I clean it using the Mrs. Meyers spray that’s under the sink.”

Husband: “Did I miss some dishes?”

Wife: “Yes.”

Husband: “Ok. Sure. I think I don’t even realize because I’m still thinking about work.”

Wife: “I get that.”

Husband: “Yeah I have to be honest, I don’t think to clean the high-chair because you always feed the baby. Like, I don’t even look at it. Generally, I do the kitchen kind of rushed because I still have to get the dog out and, on a night like tonight, there’s more evaluations I have to get done tonight.”

Wife: “That makes sense. I will leave the high-chair next to the sink so it’s right in your sight line. Also, on the nights when you’re doing the kitchen, I’m happy to take the dog out. I can’t believe I haven’t thought of this before. I would actually love some fresh air. For me, on the nights where I’ve cooked and done the kids dinner, the thing I just can’t stand is spending more time in the kitchen. If I take the dog could you do all the clean-up and close up the kitchen.”

Husband: “Definitely.”

In this version of their interaction, we learn about his context, her context, and each one’s needs and worries. They have come to a solution that works by redistributing tasks and making expectations explicit. They have communicated successfully by keeping emotional arousal low through the notice and describe approach. Neither asserts themselves to be an expert on the other person’s experience (as they did in the high arousal version). They do not load meaning into each other’s actions. They seek to understand what meaning, if any, should be made.

In this version, they walk away feeling a boost in relational competence. They worked together in solving a problem, and in doing so came to understand each other’s inner worlds more intimately.

References: Fruzzetti, A. (2006). The High-Conflict Couple. New Harbinger, CA.

Four Relational Pitfalls and Their Antidotes

By Michaela Choy, LMFT

I refer to John Gottman’s research around the four horsemen of the apocalypse to better the relational skills of my clients (mostly couples) and myself. The four horsemen of the apocalypse are criticism, contempt, stonewalling, and defensiveness. All of us use one or several of these negative strategies in our interactions at some point. Gottman’s research found that the heavy presence of these behaviors will corrode a relationship by increasing negativity and distrust. These factors largely contribute to Gottman’s ability to predict whether a couple will stay together or separate after observing a couple’s communication for 15 minutes with 96% accuracy. These behaviors are that powerful and that indicative of relational success (Gottman, 2015).

How to use this information.

I will outline the four horsemen as well as their antidotes below. I encourage you to think about which of these are present in your communication with your partner. It may be tempting to identify what’s wrong with your partner first, but for the sake of this exercise, keep this focused on you. You have more agency and power in changing your own behavior than your partner’s. If you find this exercise resonates, perhaps you can encourage your partner to read through this blog post or refer to the resources I’ve shared below. Clients have the most success in using this information when they own which of the four horsemen they bring to their interactions.

The four horsemen in greater detail.

1) Criticism

This is a statement that expresses negative opinions or judgements about the other person. These statements generally target a person’s character or personality. Here are some examples: “You always forget to load the dishwasher. How are you so forgetful? I can tell you really don’t care about our home because you don’t clean up after yourself.” or “You’re always looking for an opportunity to leave me at home with the kids. You are selfish. Can’t you see I’m drowning?!”

The antidote for this is to turn your criticism’s into complaints. Complaints are more vulnerable, objective, and give your partner a way back in. A complaint starts with an I statement (“I’m feeling really stressed”) followed by an objective description of the situation (“when the kitchen is messy”) followed by a need or a preference (“can you start putting away your dirty dishes in the dishwasher?”)

2) Contempt

This suggests a superiority over someone else. This often disrespects others through mockery, sarcasm, eye-rolling, or scoffing. This is often the result of pent-up resentment or unaddressed negative thoughts. Couples who are stuck in contempt are at the highest risk of divorce and are at higher risk of developing colds and the flu (Gottman, 2015).

The antidote for contempt is building appreciation and respect back into the relationship. Look for moments to highlight your partner’s efforts and increase moments of appreciation. Also look for opportunities to show affection (think about love languages) towards your partner. What you pay attention to grows. Get into the habit of noticing the positive parts of your partner and then make this known. Words of appreciation can sound like, “Thank you for making me a cup of coffee this morning. That really saved me time.” or “I’m so grateful you’re my partner. Thank you for listening to me vent about work.”

We can find ourselves in a place of contempt if the bad outweighs the good. Gottman has found that for every negative interaction, you need 5 positive interactions to balance this out to feel healthy and happy in your relationship. Start monitoring this ratio and up the appreciation and affection if needed (Gottman, 2015).

3) Stonewalling

This occurs when we withdraw from our partner. This can look like walking away during mid conversation, shutting down, appearing busy, etc. This can result from receiving too much criticism or contempt to the point where we need to disengage. This can feel protective, but when we stonewall, we are inaccessible to our partner so we cannot address what’s wrong.

The antidote to this is taking some time away from your partner deliberately and responsibly. Ask for some space if you’re feeling overwhelmed and use the time to regulate your emotions. Do something soothing (take a walk, read a book, listen to music, engage in an activity that takes your mind off the moment) for at least 30 minutes. Do not stew on the hard conversation. When you return to your partner, you will be in a better place to listen and offer your own perspective in a respectful way.

4) Defensiveness

We generally engage in defensiveness in response to criticism. It sounds like not taking responsibility for our behavior and blaming our partner instead. Here are some examples: “You’re really angry with me? I would help around the house more if you weren’t so mean to me!” or “I’m not the only one who yells, you yell at me all the time!”

In both of these instances, there is no recognition of the other person’s experience, and it sounds like blame which escalates things further. The antidote is taking ownership for the part(s) of the statement that make sense and acknowledging your partner’s experience. It generally involves some curiosity and validating statements. For example, it might sound like this: “I can understand why you want me to help out around the house. What are you needing?” or “I do yell when we argue. I’m going to try to work on that.”

Prompts

After you have a grasp of what the horsemen are, consider the following prompts:

- Which of the four horsemen do I identify with?

- When do I notice myself using one/some of the four horsemen?

- How do my partner(s) or loved ones respond when I do this?

- What are my alternative responses?

- If I try to practice an alternative response, what will make this challenging?

- What will help me? What can I do to set myself up so I can choose an alternative response?

- If I use one of the four horsemen, and catch my behavior after the fact, how can I take accountability?

- What does that look like and sound like?

Resources:

The Seven Principles for Making a Marriage work by John Gottman and Nan Silver

Brene with Drs. John and Julie Gottman on What Makes Love Last

Handout of the four horsemen and antidotes

References:

Gottman, J. (2015). The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work. Hachette UK.

Love Languages

By Sasha Taskier, LMFT

We all give and receive love in different ways. However, many of us believe that once we’ve fallen in love and have partnered, we assume we’ve already mastered the ways to our partner’s heart. That, of course, may be true for some - yet, I sit with couples every week and continue to see the same dynamic in which both partners feel they are showing love, but neither of them feel themselves to be the recipient of that love. Both are trying, in their own way, and both are falling short.

Gary Chapman’s theory and approach to Love Languages tends to be a great entry point into this conversation, and one of the simplest ways to address the disconnect these couples are experiencing. His book, The 5 Love Languages: The Secret to Love that Lasts, helps to explain the importance of speaking and understanding your partner’s love language and vice versa. After years of clinical experience, he formulated five ways in which people tend to feel loved.

1. Words of Affirmation

2. Quality Time

3. Acts of Service

4. Physical Touch

5. Gifts

Words of Affirmation

“Actions don't always speak louder than words. If this is your love language, unsolicited compliments mean the world to you. Hearing the words, "I love you," are important – hearing the reasons behind that love sends your spirits skyward. Insults can leave you shattered and are not easily forgotten. Kind, encouraging, and positive words are truly life-giving.” (5LoveLanguages)

Quality Time

“In the vernacular of Quality Time, nothing says, "I love you," like full, undivided attention. Being there for this type of person is critical, but really being there – with the TV off, fork and knife down, and all chores and tasks on standby – makes your significant other feel truly special and loved. Distractions, postponed dates, or the failure to listen can be especially hurtful. Quality Time also means sharing quality conversation and quality activities.” - (5LoveLanguages)

Acts of Service

“Can vacuuming the floors really be an expression of love? Absolutely! Anything you do to ease the burden of responsibilities weighing on an "Acts of Service" person will speak volumes. The words he or she most want to hear: "Let me do that for you." Laziness, broken commitments, and making more work for them tell speakers of this language their feelings don't matter. Finding ways to serve speaks volumes to the recipient of these acts.” (5LoveLanguages)

Physical Touch

“This language isn't all about the bedroom. A person whose primary language is Physical Touch is, not surprisingly, very touchy. Hugs, pats on the back, holding hands, and thoughtful touches on the arm, shoulder, or face – they can all be ways to show excitement, concern, care, and love. Physical presence and accessibility are crucial, while neglect or abuse can be unforgivable and destructive. Physical touch fosters a sense of security and belonging in any relationship.” (5LoveLanguages)

Gifts

“Don't mistake this love language for materialism; the receiver of gifts thrives on the love, thoughtfulness, and effort behind the gift. If you speak this language, the perfect gift or gesture shows that you are known, you are cared for, and you are prized above whatever was sacrificed to bring the gift to you. A missed birthday, anniversary, or a hasty, thoughtless gift would be disastrous – so would the absence of everyday gestures. Gifts are visual representations of love and are treasured greatly.” (5LoveLanguages)

How do you use Love Languages?

We tend to rank one or two of these languages highest - which is a great indicator that these are our primary and secondary love languages. Within each of these ‘languages' there is a wide spectrum; Chapman describes it as having multiple dialects through which we express affection. This allows us to become creative in how we can show our partner love.

I tend to have my clients each take the quiz, (provided for free online) and first examine their own results. As with any online quiz - it is not perfect and sometimes the questions can feel a little black and white, BUT it does begin to help you think about what does feel good for me? What is meaningful and why? A little curiosity can go a long way; many of my clients have explored the ‘why’ behind their primary and secondary love languages and have realized that much of it comes from their families of origin, or what was deeply lacking in prior intimate relationships. (For example, someone whose primary love language is Quality Time may have grown up in a home where their parents were always busy, and they desperately wanted undivided quality time, OR, perhaps that was the primary way their parents showed them love and care, so that has become the clear sign and pathway to feeling loved.)

Then - after each member of the couple has their individual results (and some insight and understanding around them), I invite a conversation of sharing. Partner X, can you share your results and insights with your partner, and give examples that would be helpful. Partner Y, can you listen, reflect back what you are hearing, and ask your partner how you can become an expert in their language. (Remember, you can have the same primary love language as your partner, but a different dialect -- this means, physical touch might be important to both of you but sexual intercourse might be the most meaningful way to connect for one partner, and holding hands in public might be more important for the other. So, better to ask than assume!) And then, switch! Partner Y will share their results and insights, and Partner X will listen, reflect and probe for examples.

In my experience, the most important part of this entire process is follow through. Especially after this exercise, keep your ears and eyes open for the ways in which your partner is trying to use your love language. If your love language is Acts of Service, and you see that your partner filled up the car with gas - thank them. If physical touch is your language and your partner offered to give you a foot massage after a long day, or you’ve noticed them initiate more physical intimacy between you - tell them you appreciate them and their efforts to show you love.

As with any new habit or practice, we are far more likely to continue doing something (that may not be comfortable or ‘natural’ for us), if we see the positive impact of our actions. This practice can become an incredibly rewarding positive feedback loop of love, or it can stop after one attempt. The difference between those outcomes is vocal acknowledgment of your partner’s efforts and words of appreciation (even if they don’t hit the nail on the head on the very first go.) Even better, if you swiftly reciprocate by practicing their love language.

Five to One

I often find myself focusing on the theme of positivity with most of the clients I work with.  Early on in my training, I learned of John Gottman, a well-known professor who has devoted much of his life towards relational research, scientific direct observations and creating influential literature. 

Through Gottman’s research, he identified his “magic ratio” of positives VS negatives within a relationship.  Gottman states “as long as there are five times as many positive interactions between partners as there are negative, the relationship is likely to be stable”.  This really struck me, as it is very easy to get pulled down in negativity.  I also find that we operate from a platform of assumption.  For example, as I explore positivity and appreciation within relationships I often hear responses such as “he or she knows these things, I don’t need to say them out loud”.  Even a simple shift in directly expressing these ideas can create much positive change.

As I share this information with clients, I am encouraged and inspired to see dedicated commitment to the focus of positives.  So the next time you find your relationship or communication in a place of negativity remember the “magic ratio”.  Five to one!

For more information check out https://www.gottman.com/blog/the-positive-perspective-dr-gottmans-magic-ratio/